The software uses a transmission protocol that does not include
					a mechanism for verifying the integrity of the data during transmission, such as
					a checksum.If integrity check values or "checksums" are omitted from a protocol,
						there is no way of determining if data has been corrupted in transmission.
						The lack of checksum functionality in a protocol removes the first
						application-level check of data that can be used. The end-to-end philosophy
						of checks states that integrity checks should be performed at the lowest
						level that they can be completely implemented. Excluding further sanity
						checks and input validation performed by applications, the protocol's
						checksum is the most important level of checksum, since it can be performed
						more completely than at any previous level and takes into account entire
						messages, as opposed to single packets.